ESMO 2024: Impact of Pembrolizumab on Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Monday, 16 September 2024, 06:00

ESMO 2024 highlights that perioperative pembrolizumab enhances survival rates in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. This regimen, comprising pembrolizumab with chemotherapy, was associated with a remarkable decrease in mortality compared to chemotherapy alone. Presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology Congress, the findings demonstrate promising outcomes for patients with high-risk TNBC.
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ESMO 2024: Impact of Pembrolizumab on Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Overview of KEYNOTE-522 Trial Findings

Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) combined with chemotherapy, followed by postoperative administration, resulted in significant improvements in survival metrics for patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Data from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-522 trial revealed a 34% reduction in mortality risk for those receiving the pembrolizumab regimen, solidifying its role as a critical therapeutic option for this challenging demographic.

Efficacy Results Presented at ESMO 2024

At a median follow-up of 75.1 months, the pembrolizumab group exhibited a 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of 86.6%, compared with 81.7% in the placebo cohort. The critical findings underscore the superior efficacy of pembrolizumab in achieving not only improved OS but also significant event-free survival (EFS) rates.

  • 5-year OS: 86.6% vs 81.7% (pembrolizumab vs placebo)
  • Reduction in mortality risk: 34%
  • Pathological complete response (pCR) rate improved to 64.8%

Lead author Dr. Peter Schmid emphasized the trial's success in validating pembrolizumab's effectiveness in altering the treatment landscape for early-stage TNBC.

Study Parameters and Methodology

The study's robust design encompassed a diverse cohort of patients aged 18 and older with confirmed triple-negative breast cancer. Participants were randomized to either receive pembrolizumab or placebo, coupled with chemotherapy, following a precise protocol aimed at maximizing therapeutic outcomes.

  1. Patients received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (200 mg per cycle) or placebo for 4 cycles.
  2. A second cycle continued treatment plus chemotherapy, extending up to 9 cycles in the adjuvant phase.

Previous analyses indicated a notable pCR rate advantage, reinforcing pembrolizumab's favorable profile for high-risk early-stage TNBC.


This article was prepared using information from open sources in accordance with the principles of Ethical Policy. The editorial team is not responsible for absolute accuracy, as it relies on data from the sources referenced.


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