Cisplatin Shortage and Its Effects on Chemotherapy for Mouth Cancer and Throat Cancer

Cisplatin Shortage and Treatment Alternatives

TUESDAY, Oct. 1, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- The 2023 cisplatin shortage led to a shift in utilization to alternative therapies for head and neck cancer (HNC), resulting in significant cost increases, according to a study presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual Quality Care Symposium, held from Sept. 27 to 28 in San Francisco.

Impact of Cisplatin Shortage on Head and Neck Cancer Treatments

Puneeth Indurlal, M.D., from the U.S. Oncology Network in The Woodlands, Texas, and colleagues assessed the effects of the cisplatin shortage on the treatment of HNC at practices in the U.S. Oncology Network. Utilization trends and financial impact were assessed using drug administration data from medical records and claims for 26 practices before (July 2022 to January 2023), during (February to August 2023), and after (September 2023 to March 2024) the shortage period.

• During the shortage, cisplatin utilization for HNC decreased by 15 percent.
• The lowest utilization (a 60 percent decrease) occurred in June and July 2023.
• Alternative chemotherapy drugs for HNC saw increased use during this period, including:
• Carboplatin - 40 percent increase
• Paclitaxel - 24 percent increase
• 5-Fluorouracil - 5.3 percent increase
• Cetuximab - 15 percent increase

Among existing cisplatin recipients, 10 percent were shifted to an alternative drug during the shortage period. While less acute of a shortage, 5-fluorouracil was also in short supply. Cisplatin volumes rebounded by 8 percent of preshortage use, while carboplatin use dropped below preshortage levels. Cetuximab use remained 12 percent higher.

Based on the Medicare average sale price, the average cost per administration was:

• $18 for cisplatin
• $14 for carboplatin
• $16 for paclitaxel
• $22 for 5-fluorouracil
• $2,607 for cetuximab

The increased use of cetuximab instead of cisplatin resulted in a 16 percent total cost increase, yielding a 144-fold increase in costs at the administration level, impacting both payer costs and patient cost-sharing amounts.