Recognizing Acute Myocardial Infarction: Key Heart Attack Symptoms and Prevention
How Does Acute Myocardial Infarction Occur?
Dr. Manjinder Singh Sandhu, Principal Director of Cardiology at Fortis Memorial Research Institute, explains that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) typically results from the rupture of a plaque deposit in the arteries. Plaque, which consists of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, can lead to blockage when a clot forms around it. Additionally, a spasm in a coronary artery may also contribute to a heart attack, though this is less common.
Key Symptoms of Heart Attack
- Chest Pain or Discomfort: Often described as pressure, tightness, or squeezing in the chest that may radiate to the arms, shoulders, neck, or back.
- Shortness of Breath: Known as difficulty breathing, even at rest.
- Nausea, Sweating, or Light-Headedness: Individuals may feel sick to their stomach, dizzy, or break into a cold sweat.
It’s vital to note that symptoms can differ among individuals. For example, women may experience more subtle signs such as jaw pain, fatigue, or shortness of breath without classic chest pain.
Risk Factors Associated with Heart Disease
- High Blood Pressure: This condition can damage artery walls and make them more susceptible to plaque accumulation.
- High Cholesterol: Elevated levels of LDL contribute to plaque formation, narrowing the arteries.
- Smoking: Smoking accelerates atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of AMI significantly.
- Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels, increasing heart attack risk.
- Family History: Genetic factors can contribute, especially if close relatives have experienced heart disease.
Heart Attack Prevention and Lifestyle Changes
Dr. Sandhu emphasizes that preventing acute myocardial infarction begins with a heart-healthy lifestyle. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats is essential, along with minimizing added sugars, salts, and unhealthy fats. Regular exercise, like walking or cycling, helps maintain a healthy weight, lowers blood pressure, and improves cholesterol levels.
Smoking cessation is crucial, as is effective stress management, since chronic stress can lead to hypertension and other heart-related issues. For those with a family history of heart disease or conditions like hypertension or diabetes, regular medical check-ups are vital for early diagnosis and management.
Disclaimer: The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. We are not responsible for any actions taken based on the content of this site. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment. We source our news from reputable sources and provide links to the original articles. We do not endorse or assume responsibility for the accuracy of the information contained in external sources.
This article was prepared using information from open sources in accordance with the principles of Ethical Policy. The editorial team is not responsible for absolute accuracy, as it relies on data from the sources referenced.